Electrical Power Metering and Generator Control System

This article is about general and Fault Detection and Diagnostic for Electrical Power Metering and Generator Control System used in Integrated Automation System or Building Automation System.

Electrical Power Metering and Generator Control System Fault Detection and Diagnostic

1. Bad Energy Data

   1. Description:
      • Find periods for at least a duration when data contains values outside of low and high limits or the data is shown as “not a number” (NaN). Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • All data will be imported into the SCMS ‘as is’ from its existing system.
   2. Requirements
      • Consumption or Demand Point: Any point that has consumption or demand type units

2. Building Running Too Late

   1. Description:
      • Finds periods over a duration after occupancy is over, when the demand of the building does not drop off by at least a percentage or threshold. Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • A shutdown window can be specified for an allotted time to wait until after occupancy to check for the decrease in demand. This makes sure that most equipment is shutting down when occupancy is over and equipment is not manually operating or overridden.
   2. Requirements:
      • Site Meter: Any main meter of the site
      • Electrical Submeter(s): Any meter
      • Demand: The demand of the main meter
      • Occupancy: Occupancy or schedule for the building

3. Building Starting Too Early

   1. Description:
      • Finds periods over a duration before building occupancy when the demand increases by a percentage or threshold. Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • A startup window can be specified for an allotted time before occupancy that demand is allowed to increase. This indicates that the building is starting ahead of occupancy or too many pieces of equipment are coming on outside of normal occupancy.
   2. Requirements:
      • Site Meter: Any main meter of the site
      • Electrical Submeter(s): Any meter
      • Demand: The demand of the main meter
      • Occupancy: Occupancy or schedule for the building

4. Double Dipping Data

   1. Description
      • Finds periods for at least a duration when a point’s history contains two or more data points within a leeway of an interval. Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • All data will be imported into the SCMS ‘as is’ from its existing system.
   2. Requirements
      • Consumption or Demand Point: Any point that has consumption or demand type units

5. Excessive Energy Usage During Unoccupied Periods

   1. Description:
      • Generates a fault when the daily unoccupied energy usage is greater than the daily occupied energy usage by a threshold. Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • This fault will not generate on holidays.
   2. Requirements:
      • Electric Utility Meter: Any main electric meter
      • Electrical Submeter(s): Any meter
      • Consumption: The consumption of the electric meter
      • Occupancy: Occupancy or schedule for the building

6. Maximum Peak During Un-occupancy

   1. Description:
      • Finds periods when the maximum demand peak for the day occurs during an unoccupied period. A startup and shutdown duration can be specified so peaks slightly before or after occupancy are not included.
   2. Requirements:
      • Site Meter: Any main meter of the site
      • Electrical Submeter(s): Any meter
      • Demand: The demand of the main meter
      • Occupancy: Occupancy or schedule for the building

7. Missing Data

   1. Description
      • Finds periods for at least a duration when a record’s history contains zero data points within a leeway of an interval. Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • All data will be imported into the SCMS ‘as is’ from its existing system.
   2. Requirements
      • Consumption or Demand Point: Any point that has consumption or demand type units

8. Sensor Failure

   1. Description:
      • Finds periods over a duration when a sensor does not change by a threshold for a 24-hour period and equipment is running.
   2. Requirements:
      • Sensor: Any numerical data point, including statuses and operating mode(s).

9. Short Demand Peak

   1. Description:
      • Finds short demand peaks throughout the day. Fault dependencies and associated scenarios include the following;
      • Looks for an increase in demand by a percentage or threshold and then an immediate decrease by a percentage or threshold. This increase and decrease in demand is looked at in consecutive historic data intervals to identify a short demand peak.
   2. Requirements:
      • Meter: Any meter
      • Demand: The demand of the meter