PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION QUESTION AND ANSWERS

This article is covering with more focus on PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION and control system questions. This will be helping you in sha ALLAH getting success 100% after preparing all these questions, if you will feel any difficulty please ask me and comment me.

1.   EXPLAIN :- A)   MEASUREMENT B)  PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION C) MEASURING MEANS  D)  PROCESS VARIABLE  E)  MEASURED VARIABLE

2.    EXPLAIN THE STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTRUMENT .

3.   A) EXPLAIN THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTRUMENT . B) WHAT ARE THE MAIN PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAUSES PROCESS LAG ?

4.   MENTION DIFFERENT MEASURING MEANS FOR PROCESS VARIABLES LIKE PRESSURE, FLOW, LEVEL, AND TEMPERATURE.

5.   EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS  A) STATIC ERROR   B) REPRODUCIBILITY   C) ACCURACY D) DYNAMIC ERROR       E) DEAD ZERO

6.    MENTION ANY THREE IMPORTANT MAIN PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPLAIN  THEM BRIEFLY .

7.   A)  EXPLAIN THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESPONSE CURVES     B) DEFINE: I)     PROCESS RESISTANCE     II) PROCESS LAG   III) PROCESS CAPACITANCE    IV) DEAD TIME

8.      WRITE DOWN THE ELEMENTS OF AN INSTRUMENT .

9.       A) GIVE REASONS FOR NECESSITY OF LEVEL MEASUREMENT .      B) NAME AND DISCUSS SOME DIRECT LEVEL INDICATORS.

10.   EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF ANY TWO DIRECT LIQUID LEVEL INDICATORS .

11.     A) STATE ARCHIMEDIE’S PRINCIPLE .   B) EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF FLOAT TYPE LEVEL MEASUREMENT .

12.    A)  EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF BUBBLER  TYPE LEVEL MEASUREMENT.   B) EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF BALL FLOAT TYPE LEVEL MEASUREMENT .

13.    EXPLAIN HOW WILL YOU USE A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER FOR LEVEL MEASUREMENT .

14.    A)  EXPLAIN THE METHOD OF STATIC PRESSURE TYPE LEVEL MEASUREMENT .B)  EXPLAIN AIR PURGE SYSTEM  LEVEL MEASUREMENT .

15.    EXPLAIN HOW THE INTERFACE LEVEL OF TWO IMMISICIBLE LIQUIDS IN A TANK IS MEASURED .

16.      A)  WHY LEVEL MEASUREMENT IS NEEDED IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES .     B) EXPLAIN METHOD OF MEASURING SOLID LEVEL .

17.EXPLAIN ANY TWO METHODS OF OPEN TANK LEVEL MEASUREMENT .

18.  A)  EXPLAIN THE LEVEL MEASUREMENT BY USING ARCHIMEDIE’S  PRINCIPLE .  B) WRITE A SHORT NOTES WITH AN EXAMPLE ON   I)  PROCESS      II) MEASUREMENT MEANS

19.    A)  WRITE A BRIEF NOTES ON  I)  AIR PURGE SYSTEM LEVEL MEASUREMENT II)   STATIC PRESSURE TYPE  LEVEL MEASUREMENT   B)
DEFINE ARCHIMEDIE’S PRINCIPLE .

20.    EXPLAIN WITH SKETCHES          I)  ELEVATION MODEL LEVEL MEASUREMENT          II) SUPPRESSION LEVEL MEASUREMENT

21.    BRIEFLY EXPLAIN ANY TWO LEVEL MEASUREMENT FOR AN OPEN TANK .

22.      A) EXPLAIN IN TWO WAYS THAT HOW WILL YOU USE A GIVEN D.P TRANSMITTER FOR   LEVEL MEASUREMENT.    B) EXPLAIN HOW WILL YOU MEASURE LEVEL WITH THE GIVEN PRESSURE GAUGE .

23.    WRITE THE SHORT NOTES ON THE FOLLOWING I)     PROCESS VARIABLE           II)    MEASURED VARIABLE           III)   PROCESS CAPACITANCE

           IV)  PROCESS RESISTANCE

24.    WHAT ARE ALL THE VARIOUS MEASURING MEANS FOR PROCESS VARIABLE .

25.    EXPLAIN HOW WILL YOU USE A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER FOR LEVEL MEASUREMENT .

1.    A)  WHAT ARE THE UNITS OF TEMPERATURE ?B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A BIMETALLIC THERMOMETER .

2.    A)  EXPLAIN A FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF TEMPERATURE ? B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A MERCURY THERMOMETER ?

3.    A)  INDICATE THE TEMPERATURE RANGE IN WHICH BIMETALLIC  THERMOMETERS ARE USED.  MENTION THE ADVANTAGE OF BIMETALLIC THERMOMETER . B)   WHY PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER IS PREFERRED IN INDUSTRY ? SHOW THE  CONSTRUCTION OF A
PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER .

4.    A)  EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF A BIMETALLIC THERMOMETER .B)   SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR THERMOCOUPLE .

5.    A)  EXPLAIN WHY PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER IS WIDELY USED IN INDUSTRIES .B)   COMPARE THE LIQUID – FILLED , VAPOUR – FILLED AND GAS FILLED THERMOMETERS FROM THE POINT OF ACCURACY, RANGE, SPAN, LINEARITY, AND APPLICATION .

6.    A)  EXPLAIN LIQUID FILLED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE .B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF A THERMOCOUPLE .

7.    A)  INDICATE THE APPLICATION OF THERMOCOUPLE IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY .B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A THERMOCOUPLE .

8.    A)  INDICATE THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF A RESISTANCE THERMOMETER. B)    WRITE DOWN THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF VAPOUR , LIQUID AND GAS FILLED TEMPERATURE GAUGES .

9.    A)  HOW ARE THE THERMOCOUPLES USEFUL FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRY .B)   WRITE DOWN THE ERRORS ENCOUNTERED WHILE MAKING TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT .

10. A) EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF STATIC ERROR ENCOUNTERED IN THE INDUSTRIALPRESSURE THERMOMETER AND COMPENSATION METHOD USED FOR THE SAME.B)   STATE THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF FILLED SYSTEM THERMOMETERS .

11. A) NAME THE MOST COMMONLY USED THERMOCOUPLE AND USEFUL TEMPERATURE RANGE  OF MEASUREMENT .B)   STATE VARIOUS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMOCOUPLES .

12.A)  SKETCH AND EXPLAIN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL RESISTANCE THERMOMETER BULBS. B)    EXPLAIN THEWORKING PRINCIPLE OF THERMOCOUPLE .

13.A)  INDICATE THE TEMPERATURE RANGE IN WHICH THERMOCOUPLES ARE USED .B)   SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THERMOCOUPLE .

14.A)  EXPLAIN ABOUT THERMOCOUPLE LEAD WIRE .B)   WHY PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER IS WIDELY USED IN INDUSTRY ?

15. A)  SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF MILLIVOLTMETER .B) WHAT ARECHARACTERISTICS OF THERMOCOUPLE LEAD WIRE INSULATION ?

16.A)  WHAT IS MEANT BY COLD JUNCTION COMPENSATION OF A THERMOCOUPLE WIRE ? B)   WHAT IS THE ACCURACY LEVEL INDUSTRIAL THERMOMETER ?

 17. STATE THE LAW S OF THERMOELECTRIC CIRCUITS ? EXPLAIN PELTIER & THOMSONEFFECT OF THERMOCOUPLES ? STATE & EXPLAIN THE DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF THERMOCOUPLES.

18. EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF VOLUMETRIC AND PRESSURE THERMOMETERS .

19.A)  WHAT IS THOMSON EFFECT OF A THERMOCOUPLE ? B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A BIMETALLIC THERMOMETER .

20. A) WHY THERMOCOUPLE WIRE NEED TO BE INSULATED? STATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF   INSULATING MATERIALS USED .B)   EXPLAIN THE
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A MERCURY THERMOMETER .

21.A)  EXPLAIN THE COLD JUNCTION COMPENSATION OF A THERMOCOUPLE .B)   WRITE DOWN THE MERITS & DEMERITS OF FILLED SYSTEM THERMOMETER .

22.A)  SKETCH & EXPLAIN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THERMOWELL ? B)   WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES CONSIDERED IN THE SELECTION OF THERMOWELL ?

23.A)  EXPLAIN THE EFFECT OF WELL ON THE THERMOCOUPLE RESPONSE .B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THERMOCOUPLE .

24. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON  A)  INDUSTRIAL RESISTANCE – THERMOMETER BULBS . B)   THERMOWELL ANDv PROTECTING TUBES . C)   MILLIVOLTMETER .

25. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON A)  THERMOELECTRICITY. B) STATIC ACCURACY OF THERMOMETER .

PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION FLOW QUESTIONS

1.    A)  EXPLAIN THE LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW .B)   WHAT ARE THE VARIABLE HEAD MARKS USED IN CLOSED AND OPEN CHANNELS .

2.    A)  EXPLAIN HOW THE OPEN CHANNEL FLOW MEASUREMENT IS MADE .B)    DRAW A VENTURI TUBE AND EXPLAIN ITS FUNCTION .

3.    A)  EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A PISTON TYPE AREA FLOW METER .B)   INDICATE THE APPLICATIONS OF ORIFICE PLATES , WEIRS AND ORIFICE TAPS IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY .

4.    A)  EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ROTATING DISC FLOW METER .B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AN AXIAL TYPE MASS FLOW METER .

5.    A)  EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A ROTAMETER INDICATE ITS INDUSTRIAL  APPLICATIONS. B)   HOW WILL YOU MEASURE FLOWS IN OPEN CHANNELS ?

6.    A)  INDICATE THE APPLICATIONS OF FLOW NOZZLES IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY .B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MAGNETIC FLOW METER .

7.    A)  EXPLAIN HOW FLOW MEASUREMENT IS MADE IN OPEN CHANNEL USING WEIRS AND  PARSHALL FLUME .B)   DISCUSS THE PIPING REQUIREMENT IN A METER INSTALLATION WITH ORIFICE METER .

8.A)  EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OFPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FLOW METER .B)   DISCUS THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTAMETER .

9.    A)  EXPLAIN THE USE & PRINCIPLE OF VENTURI TUBES .B)   SKETCH ANY ONEPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FLOW METER AND EXPLAIN ITS WORKING .

10.A)  WHAT IS STRAIGHTENING  VANES IN HEAD FLOW METER .B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKINGPRINCIPLE OF A PITOT TUBE ?

11.A)  DISCUS THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGE AND LIMITATION OF VARIOUS TAP CONNECTION FOR ORIFICE .B)   DRAW A VENTURI TUBE AND EXPLAIN ITS FUNCTION .

12.A)  WHAT ARE THE VARIABLE HEAD METERS USED IN CLOSED AND OPEN CHANNEL ?B)   EXPLAIN THEWORKING PRINCIPLE OF MASS FLOW METER .

13.A)  EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF NUTATING DISC POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FLOW   METERS? B)   WHAT IS WEIR?  EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEIR USED FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT .

14.A)  EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF  ANY ONE OF A VELOCITY  METER .B)   DISCUSS THE PIPING REQUIREMENT IN A METER INSTALLATION WITH ORIFICE PLATE .

15.A)  DISCUSS THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIABLE AREA FLOW METER .B)   EXPLAIN HOW THE OPEN CHANNEL FLOW MEASUREMENT IS MADE .

16.A)  DISCUSS THE TAPPING REQUIREMENT FOR ORIFICE METER .B)   DISCUSS THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAD FLOW METER .

17.A)  WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORIFICE PLATE USED ?B)   EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PISTON TYPE AREA FLOW METER .

18. A)  WHAT ARE TYPES OF FLOAT USED IN ROTAMETER ?B)   INDICATE THE APPLICATIONS OF ORIFICE PLATE, WEIRS AND ORIFICE TAPS IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY.

19.A)  SKETCH ANY ONE OF QUANTITY METER AND EXPLAIN ITS WORKING .B)   WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF PITOT TUBE .

20.A)  SKETCH & EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LOBED IMPELLER METER .B)   WHAT ARE THE FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SELECTING PIPING ARRANGEMENT FOR HEAD FLOW METER .

PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION PRESSURE QUESTIONS

1. A) EXPLAIN THE USE OF MANOMETER. B) EXPLAIN ANY ONEMETHOD OF MEASURING HIGH VACCUM.
2. A)  EXPLAIN HOW A VERY LOW ABSOLUTE PRESSURE ISMEASURED USING MCLEOD    GAUGE. B) EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF BELL TYPE PRESSURE GAUGE.
3. A) DISCUSS THE APPLICATION AND MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION OF C, SPIRAL AND HELICAL TYPE BOURDON SPRING GAUGE.B) DERIVE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION OF CAPACITANCE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER AND DISCUSS THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF IT.
4. A) DRAW A NEAT SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A BOURDON SPRING GAUGE USED FOR A PRESSURE MEASUREMENT.B) EXPLAIN HOW THE VACCUM MEASUREMENTS ARE MADE.
5. A)   EXPLAIN THE TERMS .I) ABSOLUTE PRESSURE.II) ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.III) VACCUM PRESSURE. B) EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LIQUID COLUMNGAUGE.
6. A) EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF KUNDSONGAUGE.B) HOW ARE THE MAGNETIC, MECHANICAL AND CAPACITANCE TRANDUCERS ARE USEFUL FOR PETROCHEMICALINDUSTRY? WRITE DOWN THEIR RELATIVE MERITS AND DEMERITS.
7. A)  WHAT ARE THE PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS? B) EXPLAIN THEWORKING OF A CAPACITANCE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER.
8. A)  HOW ARE THE HIGH VACCUM MEASUREMENTS MADE? B) WRITE DOWN THE APPLICATIONS OF MECHANICAL, MAGNETIC AND CAPACITANCE PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY.
9. A)  DISCUSS ABOUT STATIC ERROR IN PRESSURE GAUGE? B) EXPLAIN THE OPERATION DIAPHRAGM SEAL PRESSURE GAUGE?
10. A)  DISCUSS ABOUT RESPONSE OF MECHANICAL PRESSURE GAUGE? B) EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LIQUID COLUMN GAUGE.
11. A) EXPLAIN WITH ONE TYPE OF GAUGE HOW ABSOLUTE PRESSURE IS MEASURED? B) WHAT ARE PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS?
12. A)  WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GAUGES USED TO MEASURE ABSOLUTE PRESSURE? B) DISCUSS THE APPLICATION AND MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION OF C SPIRAL AND HELICAL TYPES OF BOURDON SPRING GAUGE.
13. A) CONVERT THE FOLLOWING MEASUREMENTS TO ABSOLUTE PRESSURE IN KG PER SQ. CM ABSOLUTE.I) 2880 PSIA.II) 200 ATM.ABSOLUTE.III) 20 INCHES OF HG VACCUM AT 32 DEG. F AND A BAROMETER OF 790 MM HG. B) EXPLAIN HOW A VERY LOW ABSOLUTE PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING MCLEOD GAUGE.
14. A) WRITE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF DIAPHRAGM SEAL PRESSURE GAUGES.B) EXPLAIN THE
    WORKING OF A CAPACITANCE PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS.
15. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON. I) UNDER RANGE &OVER RANGE PROTECTION OF PRESSURE ELEMENTS.II) LIQUID COLUMN
    PRESSURE GAUGES. III) PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS.
16. A) COMPARE BOURDON, BELLOWS, MERCURY MANOMETER, MCLEOD & KUNDSEN IN TERM OF VACUUM GAUGE PROPERTIES.B) STATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRESSURE SPRINGS AND ITS APPLICATION.
17. A)  STATE THE USEFUL RANGES OF DIFFERENT VACCUM MEASURING GAUGE. B) DISCUSS ANY ONE OF INDICATING ELEMENT OF PRESSURE GAUGE?
18. A)  STATE THE USEFUL RANGES OF DIFFERENT ABSOLUTE PRESSURE MEASURING GAUGES. B) EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PIRANI GAUGE.
19. EXPLAIN THE UNITS / TERMS I) TORR, MICRONS. II) RESPONSE OF MECHANICAL PRESSURE GAUGES. III) BAROMETRIC PRESSURE.
20. A) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GAUGES USED FOR MEASURING VACCUM? STATE THE PRINCIPLE OF PERATION & ITS USEFUL RANGE OF MEASUREMENT.B) EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF A CAPACITANCE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER.
21. A) DRAW A NEAT SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BOURDON GAUGE FOR A PRESSURE MEASUREMENT.B) DISCUSS ITS APPLICATION AND MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION.
22. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON I) MCLEOD GAUGE .II) BOURDON SPRING ELEMENTS.III) SEALS PRESSURE MEASURING ELEMENTS.
23. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON I) LIQUID COLUMN PRESSURE GAUGES.II) STATIC ERROR IN METALLIC PRESSURE ELEMENTS. III) VACCUM GAUGES.
24. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON I) MANOMETERS.II) BOURDON GAUGE.III) KUNSDON GAUGE.
25. WRTE SHORT NOTES ON I) APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOURDON SPRING ELEMENTS. II) USEFUL RANGE OF
    DIFFERENT ABSOLUTE PRESSURE MEASURING GAUGES.III) UNDER RANGE AND OVER RANGE PROTECTION OF PRESSURE GAUGES.

Please check also: HART Pressure Calibration and Zero Calibration of Pressure Transmitter

PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION ANALYZER AND CONTROL SYSTEM QUESTIONS

1. EXPLAIN HOW YOU WILL ANALYSE A GIVEN SUBSTANCE BY USING EXTERNAL ENERGY SOURCES.
2. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING A) INTERACTION OF A SUBSTANCE WITH THERMAL ENERGY. B) INTERACTION OF A
   SUBSTANCE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY. C) INTERACTION OF A SUBSTANCE WITH CHEMICALS.
3. A) EXPLAIN THE TERM MASS SPECTROSCOPY.B) BRIEF THE OPERATION OF MASS SPECTROMETER WITH NEAT SKETCH.
4. A)  HOW WILL YOU DETECT THE PRESENCE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN A SUBSTANCE? B) WRITE THE DEW POINT OF MEASURING HUMIDITY.
5. A) EXPLAIN PARAMAGNETISM.B) EXPLAIN O2 ANALYSER BY USING THIS EFFECT WITH SKETCH.
6. A) DEFINE I) PH. II) PH SCALE.B) EXPLAIN METHOD OF PH MEASUREMENT.
7. BRIEF THE TERM CHROMATOGRAPHY.  EXPLAIN ONE OF CHROMATOGRAPHY APPLICATION.
8. A)  DESCRIBE ANY ONE METHOD OF COMBUSTIBLE GAS ANALYSIS.B)   DEFINE I) THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY II)   CHROMATOGRAPHY III) PARAMAGNETISM IV) PH
9. A) BRIEF WHY COMBUSTIBLE GAS ANALYSIS METHOD IS NEEDED.B)   WITH SKETCH EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF COMBUSTIBLE GAS ANALYSER.
10. A)  MENTION THE REASONS WHY PH MEASUREMENT IS NECESSARY IN INDUSTRIES. B)   EXPLAIN WITH DIAGRAM AUTOMATIC PH CONTROL.
11. MENTION VARIOUS UNITS OF MASS SPECTROMETER AND EXPLAIN THE OPERATION.
12. A) BRIEF THE OPERATION OF PSYCHROMETER. B)   DEFINE:I)HUMIDITYII)   RELATIVE HUMIDITYIII) KINEMATIC VISCOSITYIV) DENSITY
13. A) DEFINE I) VISCOSITYII)   ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY III) KINEMATIC VISCOSITY IV) DENSITYB)   GIVE REASONS FOR PH MEASUREMENT IN INDUSTRIES.
14. A)   DISCUSS I) OPEN LOOP CONTROL II)   CLOSED LOOP CONTROL DISCUSS MERITS AND DEMERITS OF OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
15. WITH SKETCH SHOW THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF EACH ELEMENT.
16. BRIEF THE NECESSARY OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL IN A PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND DRAW A CONTROL LOOP.
17. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN A)   ON – OFF CONTROL B)   PROPORTIONAL CONTROL C)   PI CONTROL D)   PID CONTROL
18. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN A)   PROPORTIONAL BAND B)   GAIN C)   REPEATS PER MINUTE
19. EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL USING PID CONTROL
20. A) EXPLAIN THE TERM OFF – SET.B)   HOW WILL YOU ELIMINATE OFF – SET IN A CONTROL SYSTEM.C)   EXPLAIN WITH THE
    SUITABLE EXAMPLES
21. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTROLS.
22. EXPLAIN HOW YOU WILL DESIRE THE VALUES OF PID FOR A NEW LOOP. A)  BRIEF THE OPERATION OF PSYCHROMETER. B)   WRITE THE DEW POINT METHOD OF MEASURING HUMIDITY.
23. EXPLAIN BRIEFLY HOW PH IS CONTROLLED IN A DISODIUM PHOSPHATE INDUSTRY, WITH NEAT SKETCH.
24. A) DISCUSS MERITS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL. B) DRAW CLOSED CONTROL LOOP FOR FLOW CONTROL. C)   EXPLAIN THE
    METHOD OF TUNING A CONTROL LOOP.