PIPING ENGINEERING AND DESIGN | SCOPE OF WORK DISCUSSED

1. Scope – The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall do the detailed engineering and design work for all yard/interconnecting piping systems and any equipment packages for which the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR is responsible. The work shall be in accordance with the requirements of this specification and the contract scope.

1.2 The EC’s engineering and design work shall include the following:

- Detailed routing and design of the piping.
- Design of pipe supports.
- Stress analysis of the piping system.
- Detailed selection of piping system materials, valves, related components, and accessory items.
- Detailed piping design of oxidizer piping including completion of the oxidizer piping record (when relevant).

1.3 The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall not do the engineering and design work for the following:

- Piping in equipment packages that are engineered, designed, and fabricated by third party suppliers.
- Piping systems done by Air Products, including cold box internal piping.

2. Codes, Standards, and Specifications

2.1 General

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall have a fully qualified stress engineer to perform all stress analysis on the piping system per the appropriate code.
The design codes, Company standards, specifications, and standard drawings that the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use to do the piping engineering and design work are noted in the following information.

2.2 Codes

The piping shall be in accordance with the ASME B31.3, Process Piping code.
Any structural components shall be in accordance with the following codes.

AISC Manual of Steel Construction

ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
If a local or country code takes precedence over the noted codes, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall advise Company of this before proceeding with the engineering and design work.

2.3 Standards

Company engineering standards related to piping system engineering and design will be listed in the contract scope appendix.
Any special applicable industry standards will be listed in the contract scope appendix.

2.4 Specifications

Company specifications related to piping system engineering and design will be listed in the contract scope appendix.
Thermal and acoustic insulation is an ancillary item associated with piping. Specifications associated with insulation define the following:

- Insulation type
- Use
- Limitations
- Installation procedures
- Temperature/thickness relationships
- Manufacturer information

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the insulation specifications and the P&ID to determine the insulation type and thickness to be specified for the piping. Any special applicable industry specifications will be listed in the contract scope appendix.

2.5 Standard Drawings

Company standard drawings related to piping systems will be listed in the contract scope appendix.

3 Company Design Requirements

3.1 General

Thermal Movement
- Pipe loop flexibility or flexible devices in the piping system can accommodate thermal movement of hot or cold pipe. Hard pipe loops are preferred and flexible devices should be avoided wherever possible. The most commonly used flexible devices are flexible metal hoses, metal expansion joints, and Dresser/Victaulic or other Company approved couplings. Refer to Company standards 3PI45001 and 3PI45004 for guidance in the selection of flexible devices. See the paragraph below for selection criteria for piping stress analysis.
- Except as noted in 3PI45004, paragraph 5.3.4, expansion joints without tie-bars (untied joints) are not allowed. Axial expansion joints are not permitted without prior Company approval.
Pressure Relief Device Supports
- Because of thrust forces, relief device discharges shall be thoroughly reviewed for the magnitude of the force and the method of restraint of the device and the piping.
Cold Box Pipe Connections
- Company will perform stress analysis for piping attached to the warm end of heat exchangers in a cold box on the line to the first support point outside the cold box. This support will be designed by Company and will be assessed as a 3-way restraint. Therefore, the stress analysis by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR will start at this first support point and will not involve piping inside the cold box. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall make no changes to piping design inside the cold box. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall advise of any additional loads imposed upon this support from the continuation of the line outside the cold box so that Company can complete the design of the support. This information is to be provided to Company in a timely manner in accordance with the agreed to contract schedule.
Rotating Equipment Connections

- Company has experienced significant problems and even the complete failure of flexible connectors used to connect piping to certain types of rotating equipment having large diameter connections. As a result, flexible connectors may only be used when agreed to by the machinery engineer and piping stress engineer for each specific application. Air Products 3PI45001 and 3PI45004 provide guidelines and details on the use and limitations of flexible connectors when used with rotating equipment to reduce loads on the equipment connections. For non-critical rotating equipment with smaller diameter piping connections (such as water pumps, utility air compressors, and others), the piping connections can be hard piped if the nozzle loads specified by the supplier are not exceeded. Refer to 4PI40002A for information on general allowable loads.

3.2 Selection Criteria for Stress Analysis of Piping

The selection criteria provided in this section shall be used in determining when a formal stress analysis should be done on a given line. The intent is to ensure that lines maintain their structural integrity during operation. The selection criteria shall not be taken as absolute. For any given application, some piping not listed may require formal stress analysis, and some lines on the list may not require analysis.
The EC’s stress engineer shall determine the need and extent of all formal stress analysis required on the piping systems to meet the requirements of Air Products, any additional customers, local authorities, and any national or international code rules. Sound engineering judgment shall always be used in determining the level and type of stress analysis used on any given piping system. Ambient temperature utility piping typically does not require formal analysis.
The following selection of line categories shall be considered for formal stress analysis:

- Line 3 inch NPS and smaller, operating above 150°C (302°F) or below -150°C (-238°F).
- Line 4 inch NPS to 14 inch NPS, operating above 100°C (212°F) or below -60°C (-76°F).
- Line 14 inch NPS and larger, operating above 75°C (167°F) or below -28°C (-18°F).
- Lines made of carbon steel materials that operate below the minimum recommended temperature for that material as stated in ASME B31.3.
- Lines for which the design pressure is full vacuum or in excess of 250 bar g.
- Lines for which the pipe wall thickness is less than 1% of the outside diameter of the pipe.
- Lines requiring stress relief heat treatment.
- Lines constructed of exotic materials, including high alloy steels.
- Lines 14 inch NPS and larger constructed of stainless steel or cupro-nickel material.
- Lines made of glass reinforced epoxy (FRP) 10 inch NPS and larger.
- Lines connected to strain sensitive equipment, such as rotating or reciprocating machinery, and non-metallic equipment.
- Process lines 6 inch NPS and larger connected to equipment nozzles, including air-cooled heat exchangers and plate-type heat exchangers.

- Lines connected to equipment operating in severe cyclic service.
- Lines connected to relief devices and atmospheric vents.
- Lines containing expansion joints and transition joints.
- Lines subjected to differential settlement or other non-thermally induced movements.
- Underground process lines.
- Lines specifically requiring independent authority approval.
- Lines in perlite insulation-filled boxed (i.e., cold boxes).
- Lines subject to pulsating conditions (such as lines connected to reciprocating machinery).
- Lines subject to high wind loads because of their location.
- Lines subjected to rapidly varying flow rates, such as two-phase flow (flashing, slug flow, and water hammer).
- Lines specified by Air Products, the customer, or other authority to be analyzed.

3.3 Supplier-Designed Equipment Packages

Stress analysis for piping that is totally within a supplier-furnished equipment package is the responsibility of the supplier. However, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall do a general review of the supplier’s analysis for content and completeness of the packages that are within the EC’s scope of work.
- Stress analysis for piping that crosses the battery limits of a supplier-furnished equipment package is the responsibility of the EC. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall perform stress analysis on piping up to the first anchor point on the equipment package.

3.4 Oxidizer Piping Record (when relevant)

- An oxidizer piping work process record must be completed for each project containing oxidizers.
- All lines containing an oxidizer fluid must be listed on the record. Line size changes and design circuit changes within a single line shall be listed separately for each size and design circuit. Relief valve Inlet lines and outlet lines shall be listed separately.
- The oxidizer piping design shall use the appropriate Company standards for the piping design criteria and when selecting design details.
- Company must review and approve the completed oxidizer piping record for each project.

4 Company Deliverables to the Engineering Contractor

4.1 General

This section provides a description of the documents and drawings that will be issued by Company to the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR as the basis for the piping engineering and design work to be performed by the EC.
Some of these documents may be issued as drafts for further update and completion by the EC.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall always refer to the contract scope for details of the work to be done and any scope split.

4.2 Facility Arrangement/Plot Plan

This drawing establishes the general location of all equipment, roads, buildings, property lines, substation, battery limits, electrical interface, and major pipe racks. It is prepared by Company before detailed design is begun.

4.3 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

This schematic document is the basis of all piping and instrumentation design. It includes all piping, valves, equipment, in-line piping items and instruments, line sizes, line numbers, flow directions, insulation, heat tracing, piping class specifications, scope breaks, supplier- furnished equipment interface points, and line designators for system design conditions Key letters that refer to temperature and pressure tables on the P&ID are used.
The P&ID shows the piping classification specification (PCS) for each line as the final part of the line number. PCS class changes (breaks) are also shown where appropriate.
Lines that must be designed to meet certain special criteria will be indicated on the P&ID. The special criteria can involve specific line routing, elevation, slope, and proximity to equipment.
Valves are shown as symbols that indicate the valve type (gate, globe, ball, needle, etc.). If valve stem extensions or chain operators are required, they will be shown as a specific addition to the standard valve symbol. An arrow will indicate the installation direction of any valves that must be installed opposite to normal flow. The P&ID legend sheet(s) have symbols and type name for all of the valves.
Certain valves, such as some low point (LP) drains and high point (HP) vents for pressure testing, may not be shown on the P&ID because they are dependent upon actual pipe routing (e.g., on the cooling water system). These valves shall be located and added by the EC. At the EC’s request, Company will provide valve tag numbers to be used for such additional valves.
Thermal and acoustic insulation requirements are shown on the P&ID. These types of insulation are indicated by code letters and numbers followed by the required insulation thickness in millimeters. Refer to the P&ID legend sheets for the insulation legend and the Company insulation specifications for details.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall inform Company about any discrepancies or mistakes that are found on the P&ID so that Company can incorporate corrections in their scope into the next revisions of the P&ID.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for maintaining a “master” of the P&ID. It shall contain any additions or corrections that were originated by the EC, marked in red ink, and shall incorporate any P&ID changes (P&ID change notes) that are issued by Air Products. A copy of this “master” must be available for Company to review at all times during project execution.

4.4 Piping Class Specification (PCS) and Material Purchase Specification for Piping (MPS)

The PCS specifications provide a list (with sizes and specifications) of pipes, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, transition joints, adapters, and notes for each specification. They refer to and shall be read in conjunction with the appropriate MPS for full material details.
The relevant Company PCS and MPS specifications will be listed in the contract scope appendix. All piping systems engineered and designed by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the appropriate materials detailed in these specifications.
The PCS specifications can be made available as PDS files for the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR to use with Intergraph PDS modeling of piping and equipment. The specifications will not contain valve data.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may propose the use of their own piping specifications if they are similar to the Company specifications in content and requirements. Company will decide if the EC’s specifications are acceptable for use.

4.5 Valve Specifications

Valves shall be selected using specification 4WPI-EW85001. The valve designators are given in that specification. Valve general specifications 4WPI-VALV01 through 4WPI-VALV16 provide further details about valve design and construction.
Company has global supply agreements (GSAs) for many valves. They have unique valve specifications/data sheets.These valve specification/data sheets also refer to one or more of the general valve specifications 4WPI-VALV01 through 4WPI-VALV16.
Each GSA valve has a pre-approved drawing in Air Products’ supplier document system. Company will provide a listing of GSA valves in the contract scope appendix. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may purchase valves from the GSAs. In those cases, no further drawing is required.
When valves that are not on the GSA listing are required, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall obtain drawings of the valves from their supplier, review and approve the drawings as appropriate, and submit them to Company for the record.
The valve selection specification, valve specification/data sheets, valve general specifications, and GSA valve drawings will be made available to the EC.

4.6 Battery Limit Information

The scope of engineering and design of the piping system by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR will terminate at the battery limit(s) of the plant. The detailed engineering and design of the piping beyond the battery limit(s) will be continued by others.
The interface information and specifications at the battery limit(s) will be furnished to the EC as appropriate.
Piping nozzle movements at the battery limit(s) interface will generally be as described below.

- In most cases, a pipe anchor (or three-way restraint) will be provided at the interface between the design performed by Company and the EC. This will provide an isolation between the two scopes of work.
- In some cases, this may not be possible because certain lines cannot be anchored at this location. In these cases, a table of the resultant movement of the Company piping at the interface will be provided to the EC. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR is required to include those movements in their calculations. Therefore, piping within the EC’s scope of design must be flexible enough to absorb the specified movement.

- In some cases, it may be more logical for Company to provide details of the piping within the Company scope of detailed design back to an anchor point or equipment nozzle. In this case, allowable loads at the anchor or nozzle will be provided by Air Products, and the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall include an analysis of the complete line in the stress calculations.

4.7 Supplier Documents

These documents represent the information and drawings furnished by outside suppliers to Company for equipment that Company purchased for the project.
These documents will provide the following information as appropriate.
- Overall dimensions
- Pipe connection locations
- Pipe connection interface information, including allowable nozzle load charts
- Weight
- Center of gravity
- Maintenance requirements
- P&ID (when appropriate, such as package modules)
The supplier documents issued by Company to the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR will show the issuing purpose, date, and issuer name at a minimum. If the issue is for the EC’s design purposes, a “code 3” level is the minimum acceptable for the document.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the latest supplier document revision is being maintained and used in their design. Only the latest revision shall be used when extracting the necessary information for the EC’s design and drawings.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR is responsible for informing Company of any discrepancies, mistakes, incomplete information, and deviations from Company standards and specifications that are found on the supplier documents. Company will forward these comments to the supplier for clarifications and revisions when appropriate.
Supplier-furnished allowable nozzle loading information shall be handled as follows.

- The equipment allowable nozzle loads shown on the documents have been determined by the equipment supplier to be acceptable for design. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall design all connecting piping so that these allowable loads are not exceeded.
- If no allowable loads are given in the supplier documents or contract scope for Air Products-supplied, non-proprietary equipment, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall submit actual loads imposed upon the equipment nozzles by the EC’s piping design to Company or the equipment supplier for evaluation of acceptability. When piping-imposed loads exceed acceptable amounts, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR and Company will jointly resolve how to correct the problem.
- Allowable loads may not be provided for special items in Air Products’ design scope (for example, proprietary equipment and connecting piping). For such situations, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall submit loads for approval by Air Products. In these cases, if the loads advised by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR cannot be accommodated by the equipment, the discrepancy will be resolved by joint consideration of the piping system by Company and the EC.

4.8 Cold Box Jacket Penetration Drawing (when relevant for the project)

This drawing will dimensionally locate and identify all piping and valves that penetrate the faces of the cold box structure. Information shown on the drawing will include all pipe connection data such as material, size, pipe wall thickness, type of connection (flanged, threaded, butt weld, or socket weld), valve and line identification numbers, piping projection lengths, and physical locations. Note that certain data will still need to be added to the referenced example to make it complete. It is expected that this drawing will be issued several times during design development. The first issue will locate the position of the major lines at the interface between Air Products/ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR design scope to allow the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR to start work in this area. Subsequent issues will provide additional information about the interface points for smaller lines.

4.9 Piping Line List

The piping line list provides a listing of all lines in the plant that are within the EC’s scope. The piping line list is in numerical order by line number itself. It ignores identifying information that may precede or follow the line number. For example, P&ID line 2-N-2003- BB/WSC020 would be listed as line 2003.

The piping line list contains at least the following information on each line.

Pipeline data – size, fluid, material of construction, and identification information.
Normal operating conditions – pressure and temperature.
Design conditions – min/max pressures and temperatures.
Test conditions – pressure and media to use.
Insulation and heat tracing requirements.

4.9.3 The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the information in the piping line list to do their work.

4.10 Stress Analysis Line List

The stress analysis line list provides a listing of those lines in the plant, arranged by line number that will require stress analysis by the EC. This list may be combined with the piping line list for some projects.
The stress analysis line list contains at least the following information on each line.
- Line identification information
- Pressure and temperature data, including upset conditions
- Piping data – size, wall thickness, and material
- Stress analysis special needs – critical lines, safety sensitive, fatigue, and high wind loads
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the information in the stress analysis line list to do their work.

4.11 Oxidizer Piping Record (when relevant)

The oxidizer piping record provides a list of all lines containing an oxidizing fluid in the plant arranged by line number.
The oxidizer piping record, when completed, provides a record that the correct piping materials and components were used in the design of the oxidizing fluid-containing process lines.
The oxidizer piping record contains at least the following information on each line.
- Line function • Design operating flow rate
- P&ID sheet number • Operating pressure
- Line size • Operating temperature
- Fluid composition
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the information in the record to do their work and to confirm that the necessary work was done.

5 Examples of Air Products’ Deliverables

5.1 General

This section provides a general description of the documentation (drawings, specifications, packages, and summaries) that will be issued by Company to the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR as typical examples of the deliverables that the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR is to produce during the detailed engineering and design work.
The contract scope appendix will list typical example documents.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may propose an alternative way of presenting and organizing the format of the required information shown on the various example deliverables. The format used must provide all of the information and details necessary for the piping items. Company will be the final judge of any alternative format proposed.

5.2 Consolidated Bill of Material

This document shows the required content of the consolidated bill of materials that the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare for each area of the plant. This document will be issued to the mechanical contractor to inform them of any materials being supplied without charge to them by Company as part of the mechanical contract.

5.3 Manual Valve Summary

This document lists all manual valves and check valves used on the project. The list is in order by Company assigned tag number.
This document provides the following information about each valve.

- Tag number • Supplier
- Size • Supplier model/figure number
- Commodity code • P&ID sheet number
- Dimensions • Installation location ID

Note: A key to the dimensional information shown on the valve summary can be found on specification 4WPI-VALV09.

5.4 Piping Specialties Summary

This document lists all inline piping specialties that are shown on the P&ID by Company assigned tag numbers. Included are such items as strainers, traps, hoses, and flexible devices.
This document provides the following information about each item.

	• Tag number	• Line number
	• Size	• Data sheet document number
	• End connections	• Purchasing information
	• Description	• Installation location ID
	• Dimensions

5.5 Piping Specialties Specification Sheets

These documents are for all piping specialties that require additional detailed information beyond supplier, model/figure number, and size to properly specify them for purchase.
Examples of piping specialties that require specification sheets are the following.

- Flexible metal hoses
- Flexible rubber hoses
- Metal expansion joints
- Rubber expansion joints
- Spring hanger assemblies

5.6 Pipe Support Design Package

This document shows the required content of pipe support design packages that are to be prepared by the EC. This example uses the Company standard pipe support details.

5.7 Stress Analysis Package

This document shows the required content of the piping stress analysis packages that are to be prepared by the EC.

5.8 Pressure Test Procedure

This document is composed of two or more sections. One section is a color mark-up of the P&ID showing each separate piping pressure system in color symbols and numbers. Each number and color symbol is shown on the front sheet(s) with the appropriate design pressure, test pressure, and test relief valve set pressure for each circuit. Another section of the document provides references to the appropriate Company specification for testing details and procedures that will also be listed in the contract scope appendix.

5.9 Plant Insulation Summary

This document is a summary of the thermal and acoustic insulation and heat shields that are on the piping and equipment in the plant. It lists the insulation specifications to be used, insulation thickness, the piping and equipment that are to be insulated, and references other insulation-associated documents such as piping lists and instrumentation lists. It also provides information on any lines with heat tracing when appropriate.

5.10 Vacuum-Jacketed Piping Specification (when relevant)

This document is a standard specification for vacuum-jacketed piping and includes appendices that provide the project-specific data and the documentation requirements.

6 Deliverables from the Engineering Contractor

6.1 General

This section describes the documentation that shall be produced by the EC. The documentation shall be issued to Company as the detailed work is performed. The project contract scope may add to or reduce the work and documents that are to be provided for a particular job.

6.2 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Models

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR will be required to make the EC’s CAD model files available for integration into Air Products’ project so that overall project model reviews can be done for the complete project scope. Company and the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall work together to establish a common datum and set of dimensions. At a minimum, the piping CAD model shall contain:
- All equipment and buildings
- All piping, valves, and inline instruments
- Major pipe supports, including all those extending to grade level
- Access envelopes
- Maintenance envelopes
- The model envelope should be made in proper size to cover just the targeted area. The coordinates should refer to the entire plant reference (0,0) point.
Company will also require information from the CAD model to enable purchase of piping materials at defined stages during the project. The stages will be identified in the contract scope of work. This information shall be in the form of electronic files extracted from the model that can be imported into Air Products’ material purchasing system.
Upon completion of the project, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall make a full electronic copy of the CAD model design and provide it to Air Products.

6.3 Piping Design System (PDS) Database

If the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR has no access to Air Products’ PDS database, Company will provide the piping spengineering contractor database and relevant go-by piping 3-D model to the EC. Any special piping material specs that need to be added to this database must be reviewed and approved by Company before the information is added.
Upon completion of the project, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall make a full electronic copy of the piping spengineering contractor database and provide it to Air Products.

6.4 Procurement-Related Documents

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall place enquiries for all valves, except GSA valves, and for all special piping items. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall produce a bid tabulation for each enquiry and recommend the best quotation that is technically acceptable. Company will approve this supplier or another of Company choice. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall place the purchase order on Air Products’ behalf. The enquiry and bid tabulation steps are not needed for GSA valves. Air Products’ approval is required before GSA valves are placed on order by the EC.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall include Company Vendor Data Requirements (VDR) documentation and QC (Quality Control) Plans with the enquiry and purchase order. The particular VDR sets (ID/name) and QC Plans will be listed in the contract scope appendix. If a different document system is to be used, it will be described, etc. in the contract scope appendix.
Specifications for all piping materials, valves, and special piping items shall require material and test certificates in accordance with the governing authority requirements at a minimum for all pressure-containing parts. Non-pressure-containing items may be supplied with mill certificates or letters of conformity.
Specifications for all valves that are not GSA valves require cross-sectional drawings showing all parts used to make the valves and a material list. The materials shall be cross- referenced to the parts shown on the drawing.
All valves shall be provided with a quotation for spare parts sufficient for two years’ operation or as stated in the contract documents and cross-referenced to the parts listed on the valve drawings.
Specifications for all special piping items require cross-sectional drawings showing all parts used to make the items and a material list. The materials shall be cross-referenced to the parts shown on the drawing.
All special piping items, where appropriate, shall be provided with a quotation for spare parts sufficient for two years’ operation or as stated in the contract documents. The materials shall be cross-referenced to the parts shown on the drawing.

6.5 Orthographic Piping and Equipment Arrangement Drawings

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare drawings that show all piping systems and related equipment graphically and dimensionally. Piping and equipment arrangement drawings shall provide sufficient detail of the location of equipment and piping to allow proper planning and execution of piping prefabrication and erection work at site. A piping key plan drawing shall be provided showing the relationship of the various piping drawings and which areas of the plant that they are associated with.
Piping and equipment arrangement drawings shall consist of simplified plan drawings with limited sections. They shall identify the position of equipment in the plan and elevation. Elevation of equipment may be defined by equipment centerline or equipment baseplate. Sections shall be created when information such as equipment location or piping clarification cannot be represented on the plan drawing. Insulation shall generally not be shown on plan or elevation drawings because it obscures other details. The total number of drawings for each plant area will be determined by what is needed to adequately and clearly depict all piping systems. Allowing the use of field run and endpoint-to-endpoint (homerun) small bore (less than 2-inch pipe size) piping design shall be a project-specific decision between the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR and Air Products.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall locate minor equipment to suit the piping design. It is not expected that the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR will need to adjust the location of major equipment that has been located by Air Products. Most equipment on the facility arrangement drawing is located in accordance with specific safety and process criteria and shall not be altered without the approval of Air Products.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall consider the requirements for operation and maintenance and the need to insulate many of the lines when locating all piping, valves, inline equipment, analyzer manifolds and racks, and instruments. Permanent safe access shall be provided to all valves, inline equipment, and instruments. The piping designer shall follow the Air Products insulation standards for process line insulation thickness and insulation buildup around valves, as well as insulation extensions and thicknesses for instrumentation, purge, and defrost piping branch connections on cryogenic piping.
Supplier-furnished equipment and supporting steel shall be shown as light line-weight on the piping and equipment arrangement drawings. Pipe racks, platforms, and ladders shall be shown to scale in the plan. Outlines shall be shown as light line-weight. All supporting structures, buildings, and pipe racks shall be located by coordinates in both directions. Coordinates may be used for each frame location for pipe racks.
Pipelines continuing from one drawing to another shall have match lines clearly shown. The connecting drawing number shall be shown at the match line. Match lines between plan drawings shall be located by coordinates. The coordinates in the drawing should match and refer to the overall plant (0,0) point.
All heat exchanger, filter, etc., bundle pull and maintenance lay-down requirements for equipment shall be indicated on the drawings by dotted lines.
Equipment shall be labeled with the equipment number. Equipment nozzles shall be identified with the nozzle letters shown on the equipment drawings as available.
All pipelines shall be identified with flowsheet line numbers.
Specification breaks shall be shown.
Control valve topworks and manual hand wheels are to be shown to scale and in correct orientation.
Only in-line items that can be seen readily in the plan drawing (e.g., automatic valves, safety valves, manual valves, venturies, and orifice flanges) shall be labeled. Any item that is shown shall be clearly labeled with the correct valve or instrument tag number. Instrument taps, pressure taps, low point drains, high point vents, and any other standard details shall not be labeled.
Company will review these drawings for completeness, maintainability, operability, constructability, and safety. However, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR should be responsible for completing the drawing checking, review, and approval process internally before issuing the drawings to Company for review. Air Products’ review does not relieve the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR of responsibility for accuracy of dimension, performance, design details, or any code requirement.
All access ways should be shown in dotted lines. Piping designers must work with their electrical and instrumentation counterparts to ensure that access ways are not obstructed by electrical and instrument equipment.

Design Requirements for Underground FRP Piping Systems

6.6 Piping Isometric Drawings

The final location of all piping is to be determined by the EC. Approved for construction quality piping isometrics are to be produced as described in this section.
Piping isometric drawings shall be produced for all pipelines shown on the P&ID to facilitate the fabrication and erection of the lines. The use of prefabricated large bore (2-inch pipe size and greater) piping shall be a project-specific decision between the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR and Air Products. These drawings shall show the dimensions of all components included in these lines such as valves, in-line instruments, flanges, strainers, filters, and flexible hoses.
Each isometric shall include a bill of material listing all piping, fittings, valves, and instruments and the quantities needed and the specifications shown on that isometric.
Each isometric shall be checked dimensionally and for components that make up the isometric.
Isometric drawings shall be produced for vessel and equipment trim that is not supplied by the vessel/equipment supplier but is required for operation, such as a drain line and valve.
Isometric packages shall be produced for each plant area. Each isometric drawing package shall have index sheets listing all lines in the package and their revision level. Insulation, cleaning, and painting requirements shall be shown on isometric drawings index sheets. The front index sheet shall include a title block as specified. Other sheets in the package need only the line number and drawing number in a title block.
Direction of flow shall be indicated by an arrow. Flow direction shall be checked against the P&ID. Check valves or valves installed opposite of normal flow shall also have the flow arrow shown.
Orientation of valve stems, valve handles, or chain wheels for manual valves and diaphragm operators for control valves shall be shown.
All branch connections shall be shown from centerline of main run either to the first weld, or to the first flange, or to the first inline component on the branch. If piping is prefabricated, the proper field welding points should be identified on the isometric drawings.
All equipment and inline items shall be properly identified with the flow sheet equipment number. Equipment nozzles shall be shown light line-weight and identified with a nozzle letter, when available.
- Any heat tracing of the piping shall be shown on the isometric drawings.
- All piping support locations and their tag numbers shall be shown on the isometric drawings.
All piping specification, insulation, cleaning, and painting breaks shall be shown on the isometric drawings.
Couplings to connect random pipe lengths shall not be drawn on the isometric view. However, the quantity of couplings required for this purpose shall be calculated and included in the bill of materials shown on the isometric drawing. Couplings required at equipment or instrument connections shall be drawn on the isometric view and included in the bill of materials.
All valves shall be dimensioned to face of flanges.
All bucket-type steam traps shall be located at the end of the body or the face of the mating flange.
All instrument (automatic) valves shall have face-to-face or end-to-end dimensions shown.
All safety valves shall have center-to-face dimensions shown.
Venturies (flow tubes) shall be located at one of the mating flange faces.
All piping isometric drawings shall have north and up arrows located in the upper left corner of the drawing. All drawings shall conform to the orientation shown on the plot plan/equipment arrangement.
- All piping breaking points on the isometric drawings shall show the connecting line isometric drawing sheet number.
All isometric drawings for oxidizer-containing lines must be reviewed and approved by Air Products. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR must keep specific records of the approval status of each revision of isometrics for oxidizer lines and shall not issue any isometric “final” or “approved for construction” unless the current revision has the written approval of Air Products.

6.7 Consolidated Bill of Material (BOM)

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare a consolidated BOM for each plant area. This BOM shall include all materials required to build the complete piping systems except for items having tag numbers. Tag-numbered items such as manual valves, traps, strainers, and instruments will be included in other lists.
The BOM document shall be maintained as a revisable document so that subsequent revisions will show the increase or decrease of each item since the last revision.

6.8 Stress Analysis Line List

Company will supply the initial draft copy of a list of lines for the project that shall be stress analyzed by the EC. After the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR has received this list and other related piping design deliverables from Air Products, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall refer to the “Selection Criteria for Stress Analysis of Piping” in paragraph 7.3.2 of this specification. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the criteria found there to fully develop and finalize the list of lines that will be subject to stress analysis by the EC.
This final list shall be submitted to Company for review and approval before the stress analysis work is started.

6.9 Stress Analysis Package

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare one comprehensive stress analysis package for all plant areas for which the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR has responsibility. The stress analysis package shall provide information (e.g., operating conditions, support locations) for all of the lines included in the analysis.
The stress analysis by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall consider thermal effects, weight, seismic, wind, pulsating flow, natural frequency (at reciprocating compressors), and other conditions as appropriate for the specific job. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the maximum and minimum operating temperatures and the design pressure of lines when analyzing the thermal effects in the piping system.
Sufficient load cases shall be used to encompass all of the operating states of the piping system to ensure that all design code requirements are met.
All calculations shall be performed in accordance with ASME B31.3.
An internationally recognized computer-based stress analysis program shall be used for doing the stress analysis. Company uses “Autopipe,” which is the preferred program. An acceptable alternative to “Autopipe” is “CAESAR II.” Company must approve any other program before it is used by the EC. Company shall be advised of the specific program and version that the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR will use. The maximum thermal stress range between load cases must be calculated. This can be done automatically by the program or set up manually by the EC.
The stress analysis package provided by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall include all calculations, procedures, methods, and computer input/output data including all electronic input files required to run each analysis. Additionally, any local design criteria, design guides, seismic, and wind loading criteria used by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR in the performance of the design work shall be included. References to any design guides or codes shall be clearly indicated in the calculations. Calculations shall be in English and SI units. These requirements are necessary to facilitate the review of the EC’s stress analysis package.
All stress analysis calculations shall be checked and approved by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR and shall include appropriate signatures. The checked and approved stress package shall be submitted to Company for review. Air Products’ review of the stress analysis package does not relieve the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR of responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the analysis.

6.10 Full-Flow Pressure Relief Device List

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare a list of all full-flow pressure relief devices that are within the EC’s design area. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall calculate and list the maximum reaction forces produced when the device is activated.
The loads given on the list shall be used to design the supports for the relief device and the relief device discharge line.
Thermal relief devices do not need to be included in the list because of their typically small sizes and low flows.
The full-flow pressure relief device list shall be submitted to Company for review.
The full-flow pressure relief device list may be made part of the information provided within the stress analysis package done by the EC. It does not have to be a stand-alone document.

6.11 Pipe Support Design Package

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare a pipe support package providing details of all pipe supports that are to be fabricated and installed for the piping systems within the EC’s areas of responsibility.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may choose to use Company standard support details. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the engineering and application of standard designs. If standard pipe supports are not adequate, special pipe supports shall be engineered and designed by the EC.
Each pipe support, whether standard or special, shall be given a unique number that will be referenced on the relevant piping isometric. The function of the support (rest, anchor, guide, or combination) shall also be indicated on the piping isometric.
Pipe supports shall be designed in accordance with MSS SP-58, ASME B31.3, and AISC codes. Pipe supports shall be designed for full wind, seismic, thermal, and weight loads and any other applicable loading condition such as thrust from pressure relief devices. All dimensions needed for a fabricator to build the pipe supports shall be provided.

6.12 Special Manual Valve Specifications

If no GSA valve is shown in manual valve selection guide 4WPI-EW85001, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall choose a suitable valve and write a special manual valve specification. This may be in a format similar to Company valve specifications/data sheets, or the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may propose an alternative way of presenting and organizing this information according to the EC’s own standards. If the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR can provide the details necessary for procurement and installation of the valve in a different format, this will be acceptable. The valve data shall also be entered in the manual valve summary by the EC.

6.13 Manual Valve Summary

This document shall be produced by the EC. This list shall include all manual valves and check valves within the EC’s project contract scope. The list shall be arranged by valve tag number.
The following information shall be given in the list for each valve. A key to the dimensional information in the valve summary can be found in specification 4WPI-VALV09.

	• Tag number	• Supplier
	• Size	• Supplier model/figure number
	• Dimensions	• P&ID sheet number
	• Commodity code	• Installation location ID

6.14 Control Valve Actuator Orientations

Company specification 4WPS-VALV03, paragraph 5.4, provides details of the standard orientation of control valve actuators. In certain circumstances, the piping designer must design the pipeline such that the control valve must be installed in an orientation that is not in conformance with this specification. In all such cases, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare a marked-up inline instrument dimensional summary that shows the required actuator orientation. It shall refer to the orientation codes described in 4WPS-VALV03, Figure 1.

6.15 Piping Specialties Specification Sheets

1. For each piping specialty item in the EC’s scope, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall produce a specification, data sheet, or drawing. The document must contain sufficient information for a supplier to accurately select and quote a price for the item. This document will eventually be attached to the purchase order for the item.

2. The following information shall be included in the specification sheet for each item.

- Tag number • Fluid flow rate
- Size • Overall dimensions required
- Rating • End connections
- Description • Cleaning required
- Design pressure • Any additional technical information
- Design temperature needed for purchase

3. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for specifying the necessary flexible devices and pipe support hardware in accordance with the following guidelines. Specifications for flexible joints (such as metallic bellows, braided hoses, etc.) shall be fully developed by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR with the specified supplier before submitting the specifications to Company for purchase as necessary. After purchase, Company will forward supplier drawings/documentation to the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR for formal approval. The documents will be processed through Air Products’ supplier data system.

- If the final joint design differs from that expected by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR (such as the spring rate differs), the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall work with the flexible joint supplier to modify the joint design, the piping design, or combination of these to achieve an acceptable design. The EC shall make any necessary changes to their work. If Company must draft the flexible joint data sheets based upon the EC’s supplied design criteria, the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR is not relieved of any of the other responsibilities stated above.

- Metallic expansion joints and flexible hoses shall be supplied by Microflex Inc.
- Rubber expansion joints and flexible hoses shall be supplied by Unaflex, Inc. (USA) or Engineering Appliances LTD (Europe).
- Spring hanger pipe support assemblies in either carbon steel variable or constant effort springs and components shall be supplied by Lisega, AG (worldwide use).

6.16 Piping Specialties Summary

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare a piping specialties summary that includes all inline piping items shown on the P&ID and any items that are not included in the project piping class specifications but are within the EC’s contract scope.
The EC’s specialties summary may be either an update of the summary originally issued by Company or a separate summary in the same format as the Company summary.
The specialties summary shall provide all necessary design and details needed for each inline piping item, including flexible devices.

6.17 Pressure Test Procedure

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall provide a pressure test procedure for the overall plant in compliance with the appropriate Company specifications listed in the contract scope appendix.
This document shall be a color mark-up of the P&ID showing each separate pressure system in color symbols and numbers. Each number and color symbol shall be shown on the front sheet(s) with the design pressure, test pressure and test relief valve set pressure. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may either use the Company standard example for presentation of this summary or may provide the same information in an alternative format.

6.18 Plant Insulation Summary

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall prepare an insulation summary that provides details of the thermal and acoustic insulation that is to be installed on the equipment, piping, and skids/modules that are to be insulated as indicated on the P&ID. The summary shall also provide information on any heat tracing that is to be used on any lines. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR may use either the Company standard for presentation of this summary or may provide the same information in an alternative format. The insulation requirements shall be determined from the P&ID and specified in accordance with the relevant Company standard.

6.19 Oxidizer Piping Isometric Drawings and Oxidizer Piping Record (when relevant)

Piping isometric drawings for oxidizer piping shall be produced by the ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR with the appropriate fluid code for the relevant oxidizer for all pipelines shown on the P&ID. This will facilitate the review of materials and fabrication and erection of the lines. These drawings shall show all items such as valves, in-line instruments, flanges, strainers, filters, and flexible hoses.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall complete the oxidizer piping record and issue it with the isometrics in a timely manner to enable Company to complete their review and approval process. The contract scope shall define when this must be completed.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall keep specific records of the approval status of each revision of the isometric drawings for the oxidizer lines. No isometric drawing shall be issued as “Final” or “Approved for Construction” until the current revision has the written approval of Air Products.

6.20 Vacuum-Jacketed Piping Specification (when relevant)

The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall produce a specification for vacuum-jacketed piping when required by the contract scope. The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall use the example specification provided by Company and listed in the contract scope appendix as the basis.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall complete the data in the two appendices of the example specification that give the project-specific data and document requirements for the scope of work to be completed by the EC.

6.21 Piping Line List

Company will supply the initial draft copy of the piping line list for the project.
The ENGINEERING CONTRACTOR shall fully develop and finalize all information on the list for those lines being engineered and designed by the EC.
The final list shall be submitted to Company for review and approval before the EC’s work is completed.

AISC	Manual of Steel Construction
ASCE 7	Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures