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PLC BookWhat is Programmable Logic Controllers?
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are specialized industrial computer control systems used to monitor the state of input devices and make decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices. Essentially, they are robust, flexible, and configurable computers designed to control industrial processes and machinery.
Key Components:
Input/Output (I/O) Modules:
- Input Modules: Monitor field devices such as sensors and switches.
- Output Modules: Control actuators like motors and lights.
Processor (CPU):
- Executes the control program stored in memory.
Memory:
- Stores the control program and variable data.
Power Supply:
- Converts incoming power to the necessary levels to operate the processor and I/O modules.
Programming Device:
- Used to enter the desired program into the PLC’s memory.
Communication Ports:
- Allow the PLC to communicate with other PLCs or computer equipment.
Working:
- Input Scanning:
The PLC scans or reads the state of the input devices connected to it. - Program Execution:
The PLC executes the user-created program, one instruction at a time. - Output Scanning:
The PLC writes, or updates, the state of the output devices based on which inputs were on or off and the logic of the program. - Housekeeping:
The PLC performs diagnostics and communicates with other devices, if necessary.
Applications:
PLCs are used in numerous applications, including:
- Manufacturing processes
- Assembly lines
- Water treatment plants
- Elevator controls
- HVAC
- Energy management systems
Advantages:
- Flexibility and Configurability:
They can be reprogrammed to control different processes. - Scalability:
Additional I/O modules can be added to control more devices. - Reliability and Durability:
Designed to withstand harsh industrial environments. - Real-time Monitoring and Control:
Can monitor and control processes in real-time.
Programming Languages:
PLCs are often programmed using ladder logic, but they can also be programmed using other IEC 61131-3 standardized languages like Structured Text, Function Block Diagram, Instruction List, and Sequential Function Chart.
Programmable Logic Controllers by W. Bolton Download [PDF]
This book is offering details as mentioned following chapter wise.
In First Chapter of this book offers internal architecture, and operating
principles of programmable logic controllers..
In 2nd Chapter of this book includes information characteristics of commonly used input and output devices.
In 3rd Chapter of this book covers processing of inputs and outputs by PLCs.
In 4th Chapter of this book is comprehensive guide to PLC systems, the protocols, and networking methods.
In 5th Chapter of this book describes logic functions AND, OR, NOR, NAND, NOT, and
XOR.
In 6th Chapter of this book develops internal relays, timers, counters, shift registers,
sequencers, and data handling.
In 7th chapter of this is discussing about functional block diagram, instruction list, structured text, and sequential function chart programs.
In 8th chapter of this book gives information about Programmable Logic Controller.
In 9th chapter of this book illustrates about Standards and Approvals
In 10th chapter of this book explains about Engineering Data about Shift Registers.