What is FDD Frame Structure?
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) is a method used in wireless communications to separate the uplink and downlink transmissions by using different frequency bands. In…
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WCDMA HSDPA/HSUPA Dimensioning
Upon completion of this article, the learners will be able to: This article provides an overview of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and…
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What are Challenges Raised by 5G Air Interfaces?
5G networks introduce several key air interface technologies that significantly impact network planning and deployment. These technologies include advanced channel coding, new waveform designs,…
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5G Network Planning Procedure
Planning a 5G network involves a systematic approach that begins with collecting relevant information and progresses through dimensioning, detailed planning, simulation, and parameter setting.…
Read articleWhat is Creepage and Clearance?
In the world of electrical engineering, ensuring the safety and reliability of electronic components and electrical equipment is very important. Two fundamental concepts that…
Read articleWhat is Hydrogen Embrittlement?
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a phenomenon in which the mechanical properties of metals, particularly their ductility and toughness, are significantly compromised due to the…
Read articleReactor Differential Protection Stability & Sensitivity Test.
Testing the stability and sensitivity of Reactor Differential Protection (87R) is crucial to ensure that the protection scheme operates reliably under various operating conditions…
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Fatigue in Mechanical Engineering
There are two main forms of fatigue on the metals, the mechanical fatigue and the thermal fatigues. Both of these fatigues result in weakening and failure of the metals at the localized areas which undergo the metallurgical changes due to applied cyclical stresses well below the plastic deformation stress values, for specified period of time. Most vulnerable are the unsupported small bore piping attached to the system containing pumps and compressors which induce the cyclic stress on the adjacent structures. The anchoring points of the lines which shake due to liquid hammering and frequent rapid flow like relief piping are also affected by fatigue. Since all forms of fatigues are the metallurgical changes, the earlier detection of the fatigue is possible by the Eddy Current and electrical resistance measurement methods. 1. Mechanical Fatigue. Metals subjected to a repetitive dynamic loading for a certain period of time fail at a stress level much lower than that required to cause fracture on a single application of load. Such failures occurring under conditions of dynamic loading are called fatigue failures. The period after which the failure occurs varies and depends of the alloy composition. Theductile metals usually require higher number of loading before failure called as higher endurance. A fatigue failure is particularly dangerous because it occurs without any obvious warning. Fatigue results in a brittle‐appearing fracture, with no gross deformation at …
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What is Crevice Corrosion? Mechanisms, Factors, and Prevention strategies
Crevice corrosion is a type of localized corrosion that occurs in narrow gaps or crevices between metal surfaces. Despite its deceptive appearance, crevice corrosion…
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What is Preferential Weld Corrosion (PWC)?
Welding is a fundamental process in various industries, from construction to aerospace, enabling the fabrication of complex structures and components. However, alongside the benefits…
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Erosion Corrosion in Piping of Petrochemical Industry
Erosion corrosion is generic term covering various corrosion damage mechanisms. The erosion corrosion is usually localized to certain areas of equipment and in piping of petrochemical industry. All of the erosion corrosion damage mechanisms usually have very high corrosion rate. Read Also: What is Erosion Corrosion? Mechanism, Prevention, Factors.…
Read articleWhat is FEED (Front-end Engineering Design) in Projects?
In the world of engineering projects, particularly in sectors like oil and gas, renewable energy, and infrastructure development, the term FEED holds significant importance.…
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