What is Kirchhoff’s Circuit Law?
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL). Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the total amount of current entering a junction (or node) in a circuit is equal…
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What are Electrical Units of Measurement?
Electrical units of measurement encompass a range of quantities that are crucial for understanding and working with electrical and electronics systems. These units include…
Read articleWhat is Ohm’s Law? Complete Tutorial
Ohm’s Law is a fundamental principle in electrical, electronics engineering and physics that describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical…
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Explain DC Circuit Theory
Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. It’s basic…
Read articleOvercurrent, Under Current and Earth Fault Relays Test.
Testing overcurrent, undercurrent, and earth fault relays is crucial for ensuring the protection and reliability of electrical systems. This article is to guide the…
Read articleQC Supervisor Interview Questions (Aramco)
When interviewing for a Quality Control (QC) Supervisor position, it’s essential to assess the candidate’s technical knowledge, management skills, problem-solving abilities, and understanding of…
Read articleHigh Temperature Corrosion or Metallurgical Damage.
There are various types of metallurgical damages which are associated with the operation at high temperature in aggressive environment. Almost all of the metallurgical degradations take place progressively depending upon operating temperature, length of exposure, and metallurgy of exposed metal. Unless the damaging environment is not restricted in one area, the damage in all of the metallurgical degradations is usually wide spread over large areas. Most of the damages can be predicted with timely inspection using appropriate inspection techniques like eddy currents, back scattered ultrasonic spectroscopy, and metallographic replicas. Out of all the inspection techniques the metallurgical replica is the most reliable techniques to accurately assess extent of damage. There are numerous kinds of metallurgical degradation damages which highly depend on the process conditions and compatibility of the affected metal to these conditions. Following text outlines most commonly found metallurgical damages in process industry. 1. Creep/Stress Rupture. Creep is the metallurgical damage caused due to exposure of the metal under tensile stress, at high temperature for prolonged period of time. Micro- voids are formed at the location of the stress at high temperature. The failure takes place well below the minimum yield strength of the material due to the micro‐voids. The main controlling factors in creep deformation are …
Read articleWhat is Stress Corrosion Cracking?
Stress Corrosion Cracking also known as Environmental Cracking. It is a group of damage mechanisms in which cracks are initiated and propagate under the simultaneous effect of a tensile stress and corrosion due to environment. Stress Corrosion Cracking Explanation. The tensile stresses originate from processes like cold forming, welding, heat treatment, machining and grinding, while corrosive environment is introduced by various process conditions. Because most of the surface of affected material remains un‐attacked, it is very difficult to detect or predict the failure. Fine cracks develop and penetrating into the material at accelerated rate. These cracks can have an intergranular or a trans granular morphology. All of the SCC mechanisms can result in catastrophic failure with minimal overall material loss. Macroscopically, stress corrosion cracking fractures have a brittle appearance. There are mainly two mechanisms of crack propagation in stress corrosion cracking. One is called as “Active Path Dissolution” in which crack propagates as the metal dissolves at the tip of the crack due to corrosion. The second mechanism is “Hydrogen Embrittlement”, in which hydrogen gas produced by electrochemical process is absorbed into the metal and breaks…
Read articleWhat is Hydrogen Embrittlement?
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a phenomenon in which the mechanical properties of metals, particularly their ductility and toughness, are significantly compromised due to the…
Read articleWhat is Amine Stress Corrosion Cracking?
Amine Stress Corrosion Cracking (ASCC) is a type of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) that occurs in equipment and pipelines used in amine gas treating…
Read articleWhat is Caustic Embrittlement?
Caustic embrittlement, also known as caustic cracking or stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in alkaline environments, is a form of material degradation that occurs in…
Read articleWhat is Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (CI–SCC)?
In the world of material degradation and corrosion, Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (CI-SCC) stands as a formidable adversary, posing risks to critical infrastructure in…
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